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solid 是一个缩写词,代表面向对象编程的五个基本原则,由 robert c. martin(鲍勃大叔)提出。在这里您可以阅读有关他的文章的更多信息。
这些原则旨在改进代码的结构和维护,使其更加灵活、可扩展且更易于理解。这些原则可以帮助程序员创建更有组织的代码、划分职责、减少依赖、简化重构过程并促进代码重用。
缩写中的“d”代表“依赖倒置原则”。 bob叔叔用来定义这个原则的一句话是:
“高层模块不应该依赖于低层模块。两者都应该依赖于抽象。抽象不应该依赖于细节。细节应该依赖于抽象”
依赖倒置原则旨在减少系统组件之间的耦合,提高灵活性、可维护性和可测试性。
我们将创建一个代码负责通过电子邮件发送通知,以分析问题和可能的解决方案
class emailservice { public void sendemail(string message) { system.out.println("sending email: " + message); } } class notification { private emailservice emailservice; public notification() { this.emailservice = new emailservice(); } public void notify(string message) { this.emailservice.sendemail(message); } } // uso public class main { public static void main(string[] args) { notification notification = new notification(); notification.notify("welcome to our service!"); } }
class emailservice { sendemail(message: string): void { console.log(`sending email: ${message}`); } } class notification { private emailservice: emailservice; constructor() { this.emailservice = new emailservice(); } notify(message: string): void { this.emailservice.sendemail(message); } } // uso const notification = new notification(); notification.notify("welcome to our service!");
public interface messageservice { void sendmessage(string message); } public class emailservice implements messageservice { @override public void sendmessage(string message) { system.out.println("sending email: " + message); } } public class smsservice implements messageservice { @override public void sendmessage(string message) { system.out.println("sending sms: " + message); } } public class notification { private final messageservice messageservice; public notification(messageservice messageservice) { this.messageservice = messageservice; } public void notify(string message) { messageservice.sendmessage(message); } } // uso public class main { public static void main(string[] args) { notification emailnotification = new notification(new emailservice()); emailnotification.notify("welcome via email!"); notification smsnotification = new notification(new smsservice()); smsnotification.notify("welcome via sms!"); } }
interface messageservice { sendmessage(message: string): void; } class emailservice implements messageservice { sendmessage(message: string): void { console.log(`sending email: ${message}`); } } class smsservice implements messageservice { sendmessage(message: string): void { console.log(`sending sms: ${message}`); } } class notification { private messageservice: messageservice; constructor(messageservice: messageservice) { this.messageservice = messageservice; } notify(message: string): void { this.messageservice.sendmessage(message); } } // uso const emailnotification = new notification(new emailservice()); emailnotification.notify("welcome via email!"); const smsnotification = new notification(new smsservice()); smsnotification.notify("welcome via sms!");
public class mockmessageservice implements messageservice { @override public void sendmessage(string message) { system.out.println("mock message sent: " + message); } } // teste com o mock public class main { public static void main(string[] args) { messageservice mockmessageservice = new mockmessageservice(); notification mocknotification = new notification(mockmessageservice); mocknotification.notify("test message"); } }
class MockMessageService implements MessageService { sendMessage(message: string): void { console.log(`Mock message sent: ${message}`); } } // Teste com o mock const mockNotification = new Notification(new MockMessageService()); mockNotification.notify("Test message");
依赖倒置原则(dip)是灵活而健壮的项目的基本支柱。它允许您减少类之间的耦合,促进代码重用并提高应用程序的可测试性。通过依赖抽象,您的系统变得更能适应变化并可通过新功能进行扩展。实际示例展示了小的设计调整如何解决经常出现的维护问题。将 dip 与其他 solid 原则结合应用可确保更清晰的代码,为增长做好准备。采用这些概念对于寻求卓越软件架构的开发人员至关重要。
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